Simulation of the heat and mass transfer processes at the high energy beams interaction with multilayer targets


Completed orders:

ITER Team (Garching, Germany) - Research of high heat flux armor behavior
Efremov Insitute (St. Petersburg, Russia) – Gesa-I facility (electron beam surface modification)
Efremov Insitute (St. Petersburg, Russia) – Gesa-II facility (electron beam surface modification)


The own developed code has been developed for the numerical simulation of the heat transfer into the multilayer targets impacted by the high energy fluxes of different character: by electron beams, which penetrate a target and release their energy volumetrically; as well as by á-particles or laser beams, which interact with a target surface only.
Together with the heat transfer processes into the solid phase of the target, the we can simulate material evaporation from the target surface, melting and crystallization processes inside it. The shielding phenomena by the vapor cloud, composed from the evaporated materials, resulting in reduction of the heat flux reached the solid surface as well as heat exchange in the cloud—solid system are simulated too in this model. The code admits a possibility for evaporation of the different material layers composed the target, partially or completely. In so doing, the properties of loaded surface are changed automatically as the facing material is evaporated completely.


"ORION" code allows to obtain the distribution along the target thickness and in time of the following parameters:

- temperature;
- temperature gradient;
- temperature rate;
- heat fluxes, characterizing the heat transfer into the target body as well as interaction with environment.

- heat transfer into the multilayer target body;
- evaporation from the loaded surface;
- heat exchange by radiation between the target surface and the vapor cloud from the one side and between the cloud and environment from the other, or between the target surface and environment directly if evaporation does not take place;
- heat load with energy spatially distributed into the target (electron or neutron beams) or with surface energy (laser beams or á -particles)—in this case there is a possibility to 100% shielding of incident energy;
- the material properties temperature dependence;
- melting and crystallization


- Research of high heat flux armor behavior for the fusion machines (ITER);
- Surface treatment for the different materials;
- Obtain of the metastable surface alloys;
- Calculation of the needed beam load parameters.



More details on demand





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